On reflection..

I feel that this module has been an interesting one. It has allowed me to reflect on different aspects of people's bad behaviour and search for reasons for such actions, especially in relation to my own subject, psychology.

Some areas covered on the module are considered bad because they are illegal or there is scientific evidence that such behaviours are damaging to health. Despite this many people still continue to do these things, fully aware that what they are doing is 'wrong'. It seems that some of us are just attracted to things that we shouldn't do.

Other topics covered on the module pose more of a moral debate. Topics such as masturbation, abortion and sex before marriage are all open to subjectivity. There are some who believe that these things are wrong, and others who say that they are perfectly acceptable.

The world's population covers a diverse range of cultures and belief systems. We each have different views on what is right and wrong. I just think it makes things a little more interesting.

Response to Katy's post on graffiti.

"I don't think all types of graffiti fall into one category. You've got the irrelevant scribble you see sprayed on bus stops and under bridges ... but then there is graffiti that looks more like expressive art."

I do agree, random scribbles of graffiti are completely unnecessary, not to mention not very nice to look at. I once went to the pyramids and there were even people's names scribbled in there. I think thats completely disrespectful.

But then some graffiti, like the work of Banksy, is more like art. The pieces you see are incredible and look amazing. But does the beauty of the picture make up for the act?

Katy's blog post on graffiti is here.

Response to Herjit's post on Animal Cruelty

"It really saddens me to hear a story on animal cruelty, I find it very repulsive."

"I believe that people will back me up on this and agree that it is disgusting and inhumane"

I certainly agree. I love animals, and why on earth would anyone want to hurt these lovely creatures?

My sister once told me that one evil neighbour of hers picked her cat up and threw it on a bonfire. How would they like it if she did it to them?

One of the most abused domestic animals has got to be dogs. Who would want to harm such a playful, loyal animal. I know some dogs can be quite vicious, but there is no need to kick, cut or burn them because of it.

Many people buy a dog and then get bored of it. Or it is misbehaved. Why can't they simply give it back, or find an animal shelter? It really is beyond me..

Bullying

Bullying and victimisation, especially in schools, has become a topic of growing concern in recent years. There is a significant amount of children being bullied, and it is definitely a bad behaviour.

Bullying involves repeated acts of aggressive behaviour in order to intentionally hurt another person, either physically or mentally.

This study indicates that almost a third of youths in the US admitted that they had occasional or frequent involvement in bullying either as a victim or perpretrator, or both.

It needs to stop.

Personally, I don't think there is any excuse for bullying someone, if you don't get on, then leave each other alone.

Our love affair with food

Food. We need it to live. But so many of us are eating more than we need to, and some others are even eating dangerous amounts of food.

There are cheap offers at the supermarket; many "buy one get one free" offers that we can't seem to refuse. Fast food restaurants are popular for us to grab a hamburger because we 'don't have the time' to cook at home. We eat when we're bored or depressed and constantly snacking in between.

There are so many stories of morbidly obese people nowadays - with one of the fattest men in the world weighing an astonishing 70 stone!

According to this article, rates of obesity have tripled over the last 20 years. Recently, there have been many television programmes aimed at trying to save the lives of obese people by putting them on extreme dietss and exercise regimes. But are they working?

We need to change our lifestyle; we can't just rely on a quick diet or random exercise sessions to combat obesity. We need a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle. They shouldn't make unhealthy foods so tasty and cheap.

A popular way to check weight is through a Body Mass Index (BMI) check. Do you need to cut down?

In response to Emily's post on homosexuality

"Everyone should be treated equally, even if you are attracted to the same sex or not"

I completely agree. Personally, I can't see anything wrong with homosexuality; it doesn't make a difference to me who people are attracted to.

It is often a religious belief that homosexuality is wrong, because a homosexual couple cannot naturally create life together. Although that is a fair point, it's not a good enough reason to condemn homosexuality altogether. There are plenty of heterosexuals that will populate the planet, I'm sure.

And what about those who aren't religious, who just think its wrong, for no apparent reason? Are they really that closed minded that they have to abuse and attack someone just because of a sexual preference? Or maybe some are afraid of their own sexuality - but this is a shame, that people should have to hide their sexuality because of the few who still can't understand it.

Homosexuals are human beings just like the rest of us.

Emily's post on homosexuality is here.

Sex

Some of the topics covered on this module focus on acts that are related with sex - prostitution, masturbation, pornography - so is it possible to say that sex is the problem? Is sex bad?

Personally, I think sex itself is perfectly natural, as is masturbation. As for prostitution and pornography, there are certainly negative aspects, but these are things that people choose to do with sex. It is the fact that people are selling sex that is the problem for most people, not the act of sex itself.

However, many religious groups have strong views about why and when sex should take place. For example, Catholics and other religious groups believe that sex before marriage is a sin. However, sex within marriage is encouraged as is presents the possibility of creating a new life. Since sex is seen as mainly for procreation purposes, contraception is not allowed.

Sex is a large part of most societies. Even those who choose to abstain are making a statement about their sex lives. People are labeled in terms of their sexuality - heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual. Sex is a part of most peoples lives. It is a pleasurable experiences between two consenting adults.

Having said that, sex can also be the cause of many problems. People can worry about having sex too little, having sex too often, infidelity or sexual addiction.

Sex is a wonderful thing, but if we make it into something that is too important, it can also tear lives apart.

Response to Vicki's post on sunbeds

I thought it was really interesting to see a post that was very much for the use of sunbeds. I know someone people like them and use the quite frequently, but I think this post was rather extreme.

"Ok, I absolutely love sunbeds! I don't care what the risks are of skin cancer or if they'll make my skin leathery by the time I'm 30. I LOVE them. I think having a tan is the best feeling in the world... who wants to go on holiday and come back as pale as christmas?"

Maybe it's just me or is this a little drastic? Fair enough, people like to look tanned, but I'm not sure I'd constantly use sun beds just for the sake of making my skin that little bit darker. I really don't think it's that important. Yes, a tan does look nice, but to me it isn't a must have.

I'd rather play it safe and not have a tan than skin cancer or leathery skin..

Vicki's post on sunbeds can be found here

More Body Modification: Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery is basically for aesthetics.

Now, if someone wants to have plastic surgery then that is up to them. However, I do not personally think it is necessary. Many women are getting breast enlargements, tummy tucks, facelifts - why? Because they don't think they look pretty or sexy enough. Such a procedure may give someone a much needed ego boost; many women get close to depression because of they way they look. Some Even a minor procedure such as getting ones ears pinned back can make someone feel better about themselves.

But if society wasn't so focused on how people look, maybe this wouldn't be necessary. If people want plastic surgery to improve their image then it is fine - it's just a little saddening that these people think they ought to do so.

But we have to be careful - there are many risks, and it can also go badly wrong.

In response to a response: Tattoos

The follwing post is a response to this response on tattoos.

"My first one was about rebellion. I was 16 and wasn't allowed one. So I got a small daisy on my back, which I hate now and am having covered next month."

Rebellion is definitely one bad reason for getting a tattoo done. People like to do things they aren't allowed to do. These tattoos are often regretted later and removed.

"I have a few tattoos and they all have meanings to me."

Even though I don't think I could get a tattoo, if I was to get one, it would have to have a personal meaning. This, I believe is a good reason to get a tattoo. Some get a tattoo to get closure on the death of a loved one. There are symbols for personal experiences, birthday tattoos, anniversaries and all sorts. A constant visual image of something very important to you.

The Internet

The internet: a wonderful resource which lets us find out about almost anything in seconds. We can talk to anyone we want, anywhere in the world - even see them if they have a web cam.

Everything you might need is right there, in front of you. Information, shopping, chat, games, music.

Which, for the most part, is a good thing. Although it has been argued that the internet has made us all lazy. Staying in to do the shopping. Not taking the time to go and see a friend; preferring to hold a conversation online instead. What about the games and music? Yes, they provide entertainment, but the vast majority of games and music are illegally downloaded.

The fact that everything is all available in once place means that many have become addicted to the internet. Many people spend nearly all their waking hours on the internet, shopping, playing games, talking to strangers.. this in turn means they don't get any exercise and is often a reason for obesity.

It only gets worse. While providing a wonderful research resource for most of us, there are others who use it for not so innocent reasons. From being able to find out how to make a bomb from household objects to stalking and child pornography to name but a few.

As with most things, there are the positives and negatives. Do we just have to learn to take the good with the bad? Or should something be done about it?

Response to J-J's post on Teenage Pregnancy

J-J's post:

"Teenage pregnancy is related to girls aged 13 to 19 who have had unprotected sex and become pregnant. This could be due to a lack of knowledge in contraception (i.e. not being able to access them) and/or due to adolescent sexual behaviour (i.e. being promiscuous).

But does this mean that girls, who become pregnant as a result of their naivety by not using protection when engaging in sexual intercourse are being bad?"

I'm pretty sure that most 13 year olds know that unprotected sex can lead to pregnancy, and that this can be stopped by the use of contraception. If not, then we really do have a problem.

If a teenager does not have any readily available to them, my advice would be not to have sex at all, until you can at least get hold of a condom. If a teenager wants to have sex, thats up to them. But really, there isn't an excuse not to use contraception.

I understand that not all teenage pregnancies are due to naivety and stupid behaviour. Some are planned. If thats what the parents really want, and believe they are emotionally and financially ready to have a baby, then thats fine.

However, there are some cases in which the parents have used contraception, but still get pregnant. After all, no contraceptive is 100% effective. I think if this is a reason for a teenage pregnancy, then it just can't be helped.

J-J's post on Teenage Pregnancy is here.

Pornography

Pornography - good or bad? A bit of both, I'd say.

It comes in many forms - film, art, text - and while not completely necessary (although some may argue that it is), pornography can offer some added excitement to any sex or masturbation session.

The porn industry is massive, which just shows how popular it is. But does this mean it is right?

I think if the people making these porn films are well treated, well paid and enjoy what they do, then where's the harm? They like what they do, we like to watch it.

However, there are many who don't enjoy it; they feel it is all they can do short of prostitution to earn a little bit of money, and are trated badly in the process. Is this right? No. It is difficult to try and justify pornography if so many people, especially women, are being hurt and exploited.

What about us, the consumers? Should we be buying these porn films? Many would say that sex is private, and paying to watch other people have sex is wrong. Watching porn often leads to masturbation, which is fine, but also often chronic masturbation, which isn't so good. It can ruin a person's sex life, men may feel inferior to the ones they see on the screen, and feel they are unable to live up to expectations. Many marriages have ended because of excessive porn use. Not to mention the fact that so many people are addicted to pornography.

In small doses for a bit of pleasure now and then, I think it's fine. But too much will just cause problems.

Response to Briony's post - Clockwork Orange

Right, more bad cinema: Clockwork Orange. A response to Briony's post which can be found here.

"Kubrick banned the film in the UK for the rest of his life time after reports of "copy cat" crimes." ... "Personally, I believe placing such a heavy ban on the film only upped the film appeal."

I agree, placing a ban on a film, or on just about anything for that matter, will only make people want to watch it more. As for the copy cat crimes.. it is unfortunate, but these people were probably going to kill someone anyway and copy someone else. Not nice, but probably true.

I don't think the film should necessarily have been banned, but neither do I think its something people really need to watch. I have seen it a few times, and each time I didn't enjoy it. Constant drug abuse, and especially rape and extreme violence don't really appeal for a film, and I'm not sure why people would enjoy watching that sort of thing. I know it isn't real, I just don't find rape etc (real or on screen) entertaining..

Euthanasia

Like abortion, euthanasia isn't an everyday bad act, a guilty pleasure, but it does pose a moral question. Euthanasia, or assisted suicide, involves ending another persons life, for the benefit of that person and to relieve suffering. It is usually done when the person who wishes to die asks for it (voluntary euthanasia), but it can also happen in rare cases when the person is incapable of doing so (non-voluntary euthanasia).

So, as outlined on this website, there are many cases for and against euthanasia. The cases against it being:

• The view that life is sacred and should not be taken from anybody


• The religious view that God created us and only God should take our life away


• The argument that if euthanasia becomes legal, the right will be abused and people will be killed


• It gives doctors too much power.

And the arguments for:

• People should have the right to choose when they die, if they want to.


• Is death a bad thing?

It is quite a diffuclt question. Personally, I think that if someone truly wants to end their life and suffering but are unable to do it themselves, then it should be allowed. It is harder to decide if ther person is not able to make this decision for themselves, but if it will end constant suffering maybe it is for the best?

However, there is the possibility of people abusing it. People could literally get away with murder if this is not regulated properly. Even then, how do we make the rules to make sure its safe?

Incest

In the very first lecture, someone admitted to having had "sexy time" with their sister. Whether this is true or just a joke, we don't know. However, when this confession was read out, everyone instantly reacted, making disgusted groaning noises.

This is the most common reaction from people when anything related to incest is mentioned. In society, incest is definitely seen as "wrong" and something you "don't do". Well, I certainly don't think I or most of us could look at any of our family members in any way remotely sexual. Unless, that is, if you believe in Freud's famous Oedipus and Electra complexes, stating that children develop romantic feelings for their opposite sex parent.

We don't often hear of incest happening, mainly because its a big tabboo and kept behind closed
doors, but when we do they are often horrifying abuse stories, like that of the Joseph Fritzl case.
However, what about those who choose to take part in incest, that really are romantically or sexually attracted to a family member?

"Incest is so often spoken about in the same breath as abuse, but idf you're close in age and equal in relationship terms, then it's entirely different."

The above quote comes from the article here, that tells of a woman who slept with her brother for 5 years. She has no regrets or guilt and only thinks upon this experience in a fond way.

For most people, this is difficult to contemplate. But it does happen. Could this possibly be ok, if they are both happy with what they are doing, and aren't hurting anyone else? There is a strong negative social view of incest, and there are risks involved, e.g a high likelihood of birth defects in babies, but can those who do engage in concensual incestual relationships be "normal"?

I don't know. I mean, I'm not going to judge people for it, if thats what they want to do then thats up to them, but at the same time it just feels a bit odd.

Bad Comedians?

Everyone likes to laugh. Especially at funny jokes that comedians tell. But what about the "bad" comedians? The ones that tell jokes they perhaps shouldn't, like racist jokes? Should we laugh?

When a "bad" comedian, for example Bill Hicks (pictured) tells a racist/sexist joke, we still laugh, yes because it may be funny, but also in a "I can't believe you just said that" sort of way.

It has been argued that telling these kind of jokes is rude, demeaning and very hurtful. And rightly so, if you were one the receiving end of one of these jokes, it wouldn't be so funny and you would probably feel hurt. On the other hand, others say that there is no harm in telling such jokes; that the whole point of a joke is that they are joking and do not mean what they are saying.

Such racist and sexist jokes are usually based on a certain cultural idea or view of another subculture. Perhaps when these jokes are being told, it is not the actual joke they are offended by, but by the reminder that this is what other people think. Someone could enter any race or group of people into these jokes; it isn't about them in particular.

Perhaps it isn't right to make light of certain situations, such as murder, rape or racism. Or is using humour simply our way of coping with such situations?

Gambling

Gambling. I'm not completely against it, but I don't particularly like it either.

I'll gamble on occasion, mainly just on the Lottery. Other than that, I'm not interested. I think moderate gambling is ok, but if you know that you wont be able to stop once you start, then you do have a problem. And yes, it can be a problem, even if you are winning.

People will gamble in the hope that they win some money. Yes, it is a nice feeling, knowing that it is possible you could gain money for almost nothing. And an even better feeling if you win. IF. Most people would take this into consideration, and understand that the odds of winning are probably much lower than those of losing. A gambler, however, will be seduced by that rush they get when they do win, and crave it. It reinforces the behaviour; they wan't to do it again. If they do lose, they go into some kind of denial, or try to forget about it, choosing only to focus on the fact that they might just win.

This website has lots of information on gamblers. It outlines the fast that those that are addicted to gambling, are also called compulsive gamblers. They just can't help themselves, whatever mood they're in. It also outlines symptoms to look out for, as well as treatment. For example, Gamblers Anonymous and how Cognitive Behavioural Therapy can help with gambling problems.

Body Modification

Everyone has modified their body in some way or another. Some ways of body modification aren't seen as 'being bad' at all and are quite socially acceptible - cutting your hair, for instance.

On the other hand, there are some forms of body modification that are frowned upon to some people, or in some religions. The most popular being tattoos and peircings.

I only have each earlobe peirced once. Nothing else. That doesn't mean to say I dislike tattoos and peircings, I just don't think they suit me.

I think one of the main reasons people get tattoos or peircings is for aesthetics. Because the look pretty, which is fair enough.

Others however, may do it to rebel, which possible isn't a great reason for it, since it could mean later regrets.

I do agree that some tattoos and piercings look nice but I think some people take it slightly too far, like the person in this picture for example.

Tattoos especially have become quite popular in recent years, there are now even television shows related to the subject, such as Miami Ink.

Response to The Bloginator's Abortion post.

Quote from Bloginator's post:

"A unwanted pregnancy and unwanted baby can seriously affect the lives of the woman and the man involved, and that would therefore affect the life of the child-to-be.."

Many people against abortion would say that abortion is basically murder and takes away another indviduals right to live, which is fair enough. But what about the consequences of giving birth to an unwanted child?

First of all, it can seriously damage the lives and mental health of the parents, especially the mother. When I thought I was pregnant, I felt worried, depressed and anxious. How would I have felt if I actually was pregnant and carried my child to full term and bave birth to it? I do understand, however, that many pregnancies are unplanned, perhaps unwanted, but once the child is born feelings can change, as I'm sure they would have for me. I've known a few people with unplanned pregnancies, and although they went through a lot of distress at first, they are now very happy, they love their children unconditionally and say they wouldn't change a thing.

However, many unplanned pregnancies do not have such a happy ending. Once born, the parents will be going through hell. If the parents are suffering because of it, then so will the child. If the parents haven't planned and saved for a baby, finances will be low. Umwanted pregnancies also may mean a great deal of arguments. Some mothers will develop post natal depression. It has been known in extreme cases that unwanted children become the subject of physical, mental and sexual abuse.

Although abortion isn't a particularly pleasant thing to do, maybe sometimes it's for the best?

Bloginator's abortion post is here.

Abortion

Unlike many of the topics covered so far, such as smoking, drug use, drinking alcohol and masturbation, abortion certainly isn't a guilty pleasure. Although, many do feel a great sense of guilt after having had one.

Abortion is something that many people feel quite strongly about. Is it morally wrong? Well, it certainly isn't a very nice thing to have to do.

So, first things first. Why do women have abortions?Some are forced into it, particularly by partners or parents. But what of those who choose it?

The majority of abortions are carried out due to unplanned/unwanted pregnancies. Abortion is being used as a contraceptive by those who get pregnant my 'accident', often teenagers. Now, some say that these girls should have to give birth to and bring up their child, to face up to their mistakes. Which is a fair enough point, if they were too careless to use contraception. However, what about those cases where the people involved have been careful and used contraception? Most contraceptives are 98-99% effective, but that still leaves room for error. Now I know that a couple of years ago for about a week and a half, I thought I was pregnant. Yes, I'd been careful and used contraception, and it came to a great shock to me. I was devastated, I felt I was too young, couldn't afford a child.. and yes, I did consider abortion. Until I finally got the courage to go any buy a pregnancy test that came back negative. What I'm trying to say is, although it may not be right, I can certainly understand why a girl who suddenly finds herself pregnant, might want an abortion.

One reason I do think is good enough for a woman to have an abortion is if she has been sexually abused or raped. Having to endure the trauma of rape is hard enough, but to have to bring up the rapists child as well? I don't think I could.

Some can be offered an abortion if some antenatal tests show that the baby will have serious physical or mental problems. I think this whether it is acceptible or not depends on the severity of the disability and whether the mother has the support to look after the child. However, some people have taken abortions after knowing that their child has only minor problems, such as Down's Syndrome. Yes, I understand that looking after a child with Down's can be difficult, but it isn't half as bad as some of the birth defects a child can have. Oh, and sex selective abortion? That just really isn't fair.

So - ethics? The link there is to a BBC website which holds lots of information on the ethics involved surrounding the topic of abortion.

Some people call themselves pro-life - indicating that everyone has a right to life and that nobody should choose to deprive any being of life. On the other hand, there are those that are pro-choice, saying that any woman should have the choice; its her body, her mind and she should be able to choose what happens to it. What about the rights of the father? Should he have a say, after all it is his baby, too.

Even though many people abuse abortion, I don't think it should be made illegal, as I do believe there are some cases where it is necessary. I do think, however, that careful consideration should be made on both the parents and the doctors behalf before a final decision is made. Many people live to regret it.

Infidelity

Infidelity is something that many of us are part of at some point in our lives. I have (hopefully!) managed so far not to have a boyfriend cheat on me, and I myself have remained faithful.

Infidelity is happening everywhere. Just look at the number of celebreties at the moment that have been caught cheating on their wives and husbands. Many of my friends, including my sister have had to endure the heartbreak of being a victim if infidelity. It isn't nice, yet it still goes on.

There has even recently been a website launched in Australia promoting infidelity. Carrying the slogan "Life is short, have an affair" it openly encourages its users to cheat on their unsuspecting wives/husbands/partners. It even offers the use of a panic button which will quickly redirect the user to another site if their partner is nearby. Their argument is that many people are in unhappy marriages, often with little, no or boring sex and that these people have the right to find something to solve this.

Am I the only one that sees something wrong with this? Of course, many people are in unhappy, sexless marriages, but I dont know, perhaps people could try working at their problems or, if not, maybe divorce would be better? However, most of these people probably just want to have their cake and eat it. They have the security of a home and family to come home to each night without fears of being alone, plus the added thrill and pleasure of sex on the side.

Even though I don't think it's right I can still understand it though; the thrill of infidelity. The problem is, it isn't half as fun for the person being cheated on.

Swearing

Swearing. We all do it. It's bascially harmless, yet it is often considered as inappropriate and offensive. However, this may depend on the particular swear word that is used; some are considered more offensive and vulgar than others.

Some people just swear all the time, putting one swear word or another at the beginning middle and end of each sentence, with complete disregard to those around them. Most people, however, swear only to signify annoyance in certain situations, especially if they have suddenly hurt themselves. There may be good reason for this, however, as some studies such as this one indicate that swearing helps to reduce pain. So the next time you drop something on your foot, feel free to swear profusely - it might actually help.

Personally, I am not at all bothered by swear words. Obviously, I know not everyone feels the same way and will refrain from swearing in inappropriate situations such as in front of authrority figures, in public, or when children are present. But, I don't see any harm in swearing in front of friends or other people as long as they don't find it offensive. I would agree that swearing at someone in order to hurt them isn't very nice at all, but otherwise, to me, words are just words.

Response to ATTA's post - Drinking Alcohol

Quotes from ATTA's post:

"..I am labelling drinking any amount of alcohol as an immoral and bad act. The consumption of alcohol has really negative outcomes which many are left to deal with.."

"However, if any rational minded person was to weigh up the goodness of drinking alcohol in contrast to the badness the consumption of alcohol has, I need not say what the result would be."

I think most of us would agree that drinking alcohol is something we probably shouldn't do, and ATTA does have a pretty good point here. There are far more negative effects of drinking alcohol than positive ones. That being said, I still don't think I'm going to stop any time soon. This is similar to the argument that the smokers have, they know it's bad for them, and they don't care.

Although I do think this applies more to excessive alcohol drinking, a small glass of your favourite alcoholic drink from time to time could have its benefits in terms of relaxing and taking your mind off things. I do understand ATTA's point though, as I feel the same way about smoking.

Each to their own, I say.

ATTA's please don't be bad blog post on drinking alcohol can be found here.

Alcohol

Having lived in pubs until I was 17, I know only too well the negative effects that alcohol can have on us. Yet I still go out with my friends and get drunk often to the point of feeling violently sick. Why? We all do it; we go out, drink dangerous amounts of alcohol and then while dealing with a serious hangover the next day, vow never to drink again.


Not only is there a health risk, alcohol often leads to violent behaviour and many, especially women put themselves at risk from muggers and rapists when going out and getting drunk. But we don't seem to care.

It has been argued that alcohol in moderation on a daily basis can be good for you, but then again some would argue that it comes with a cancer risk.

One thing we can agree on is that binge drinking is pretty dangerous. But we do it to loosen up and have a good time.
Alcohol allows us to do things that we wouldn't ordinarily do without it. It comes with a tingly, happy feeling and for a while we feel wonderful and invincible. But with the good, there is also the bad that we need to watch out for.

Bandits and Outlaws

Can the actions of an outlaw be justified if he/she has good intentions?

One of the most well known examples to consider is Robin Hood, who stole from the rich to give to the poor. Stealing is obviously morally wrong (not to mention illegal!), so why is he considered such a hero? Or does the morality of giving money to the poor disappear because it was gained illegally?

Vigilantes are often taking the law into their own hands to being about 'justice'. But who are they to decide what should be done about the real outlaws? Or should they be applauded for doing something the government is too afraid to do themselves?

Drugs

I tend to stay away from drugs. Mainly because when I was 8, I found one of the staff that worked in the pub I lived in, dead in his room because of an accidental drug overdose. It certainly wasn't a pretty sight, let me tell you.

That aside, although I don't particularly like them, I can certainly see the attraction to drugs. They're a temporary escape from reality, everything suddenly feels fantastic and all your problems drift away. Until of course the effects wear off..

This is where the addiction starts; people crave that same feeling again, and won't stop until they get it. People end up lying, stealing and even prostituting themselves to get money to buy more, and the vicious cycle begins.

That being said, not all drug users end up like this. Some are perfectly happy with occasional drug use, and don't get totally addicted. Some people just don't have an addictive personality.

I suppose I could spout some random drug facts, but who is going to listen to me? You're better off talking to FRANK.

Bad Cinema

I dont think I was shocked by the film Kids, although with all the bad things that are going on these days, I hardly find myself being shocked by anything anymore.

These kids, or teenagers, are walking around taking drugs, stealing, deflowering and raping girls, passing on STD's in the process. Yes, this certainly isn't something I'd want to watch, but unfortunately this sort of thing DOES happen.

What's the point in protesting against a film such as this when it is only portraying what is happening in the real world? Sure, it isn't pleasant to watch but I dont think this film is really for entertainment purposes. It's more of a wake up call, to increase awareness of the problems in society.

This website lists the film as one of the top 10 most convtroversial films in the last 100 years, indicating that views of the film are split between it being "a much needed wake up call" and, "exploitation and borderline child pornography".

I agree that the things we see in some films are quite disturbing and disgusting, but as long as they are still being released and talked about, there isn't much we can do about it. If you know it is something you aren't going to like, then don't watch it.

Masturbation

When I told some of my friends outside university that I had attended a lecture on masturbation, their reactions were a mixture of shock and amusement. Although it has to be said that nobody seemed disgusted at the thought and it even started a bit of a discussion. However, even though they all agreed that masturbation is healthy and common and were able to talk about different views and discuss various techniques they had heard about, only a few were willing to admit that they themselves currently masturbate.

So even though we all know that the majority of people do masturbate, and that there is nothing wrong with it, why the embarassment?

At least, however, we no longer think it is a sin to masturbate and know that is isn't going to kill us. Unless of course you want to try auto-erotic asphyxiation, which involves self strangulation while masturbating. This I wouldn't recommend.

Looking more onto the bright side, I just found out that May is National Masturbation Month. During this time, people are encouraged to explore their own sexuality through masturbation or masturbate for peace.

May is also the month that many students at the university will be taking part in exams. Exams are stressful. Masturbation helps to relieve stress. Just a thought...

In response to Chloe's Blog on Lying with Integrity

In her blog post on lying, Chloe addresses the topic of parents lying to their children about the existence of fictional characters such as Santa Claus and the tooth fairy..

"There are some lies that we get told when we are children such as Santa Claus and the tooth fairy... but does it actually cause any harm. No."

There aren't many kids in Western societies that haven't grown up being told about the existence of Santa and the tooth fairy.. and yes, although it is a lie, it isn't a particularly harmful one (unless you are a particularly gullible or vulnerable child who, upon finding out that - shock horror - Santa Claus doesn't really exist, your whole world will fall apart).

However, that being said I would also like to point out that, although these lies aren't serious, and may actually benefit the child in giving them something to look forward to and develop their imagination, they are still lies. How will parents be able to stop their children from lying without being called a hypocrite? Our parents feed us all these lies and expect us to grow up telling the truth.

Chloe's post on lying with integrity can be found here.

Lying

Lying is probably one of the most common immoral acts that just about everyone indulges in. Most people would say that lying is wrong, except when there is a good reason for it - which means that it's not always wrong -but what are the good reasons for lying? It is possible to lie with integrity?

I suppose most people would say that telling a white lie to save someones feelings is one of the situations where lying is most acceptable, but is that person not better off knowing the real truth, or is ignorance really bliss?

However, despite the fact we all know that lies are 'wrong', can we imagine being in a world without lies? There has been a recent film released, entitled The Invention of Lying in which the world is blissfully lie-free, until one man invents the concept of lying. However, although the film depicts a perfect world without lies, I have the distinct feeling that the world would collapse without them.

I'm not saying that we should all start lying like mythomaniacs, I still stand by the notion that lying is wrong, but it's certainly not something thats going to stop happening any time soon..

Stalking

When I think about stalking, the terms 'obsession' and 'invasion of privacy' come to mind. Sure, some people are just nosy and like to know a little too much about the people around them, but some people just take it too far. What is the difference between 'being a bit too nosy' and being a stalker? How much are we comfortable with others being around, or knowing about, us?


Stalkers are obsessed with their subjects, often following them around, taking note of every move they make, and will even go through their rubbish in order to get themselves closer to the person. Some stalkers are fans of a particular celebrity, who make it their business to find out everything they can about them from what time their next appointment is to what they had for breakfast. Another type of stalker is that of an ex partner. Often bitter and jealous, these people cannot and will not accept that a relationship is over and constantly follow their ex around. There are also vengeful stalkers, these are often people that are holding a serious grudge against someone and following their every move in order to get their revenge.

Or perhaps some stalkers have a serious case of erotomania - a rare disorder where an individual believes that another person is in love with them - and, under the illusion that a strong relationship is forming, feels the need to get a little too close to that person.

Incidence rates of stalking have rocketed since the invention of the internet. Cyberstalking -stalking over the internet - is quite common, and with all the advances in technology, people can even find out another's credit card number if they know what to do. Plus with the invention of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, where people are constantly broadcasting their current movements and thoughts, stalking has never been easier.

You never know, someone could be watching you right now..

You've got to pick a pocket or two..

That's not my opinion, of course... although I'm sure we've all stolen one thing or another in our time, I wonder how many people have 'borrowed' an item and 'forgotten' to give it back? Most of us don't make a habit of stealing, and if we do steal its usually pretty minor - a pen from work or taking extra breaks..

There are some, however, who make the 'art' of stealing a profession. Pickpockets, such as those in Oliver!, are really quite clever with their distraction techniques, and are very common. Then you have the petty thieves, stealing from supermarkets or breaking into homes. One of the most sophisticated forms of theft is that of a con artist, who manage to scam or hustle others. Often well planned and drawn out, these people manage to con large amounts of money from people without them even realising.

Then there are the people who just can't help it. Kleptomaniacs are those who have overwhelming urges to steal things, often small or worthless, and hoard them. Some of them do not even realise what they are doing. I wonder if anyone has successfully used this as an excuse?

Sex sells...

"I don't understand why prostitution is illegal. Selling is legal, fucking is legal. So, why isn't it legal to sell fucking?" - George Carlin on prostitution.

"If nobody wants to sell sex, it is a crime to force anyone to do so. But when men or women so want to sell their bodies, they should have the full right without encountering punishment or discrimination. If the client behaves decently, the relationship between the sex buyer and the sex seller must be considered a putely private transaction." - Nils Johan Ringdal, Love for Sale.

_______________

To some extent, I do agree with the above quotes on prostitution. I think we can all agree that sex is enjoyable and pleasurable, plus we all need to earn money somehow.. so if two (or more!) people were to engange in CONSENSUAL, SAFE sex in such an arrangement that indicates it is being paid for.. well, I don't see a problem in that.

There have been many success stories involving prostitution, for example the famous Belle de Jour online blog of a London call girl or the story of Natalie Dylan, the 22 year old student who sold her virginity online for millions of pounds to pay off her university degree fees!

But things aren't always that simple.

Prostitution is always that easy, or glamourous. Fair enough, if people are willing to sell their bodies because they genuinely want to and feel safe and comfortable. But what about those that DON'T want to, and AREN'T safe?

There are children as young at 11 years old selling themselves on the street to make money because they have nowhere to live. Hundreds of girls and women feel that prostitution is the only way to make a living, and hundreds more are selling themselves to fuel a serious drug addiction. Not to mention the high risk of sexually transmitted diseases, rape and murder.

Doesn't sound so fun anymore, does it?

Cigarettes. Fags. Cancer sticks. Lung darts.

Whatever you want to call them, we all have our own opinions about these small cylindrical objects. Personally, I can't stand them.

I grew up living in pubs when smoking was allowed and was constantly surrounded by customers puffing away, not to mention my mother constantly smoking like a chimney. I wondered what the attraction was, since all I got was a nasty smell and a cough whenever someone blew smoke in my face.

Nevertheless, just like everyone else, curiosity got the better of me and I stole a couple of cigarettes from my mum's pack (being way too young to buy my own), and lit up my first cigarette. It was also my last. It certainly didn't taste nice and I got no pleasure from it whatsoever. Yuck.

Despite the warnings on the packets and the numerous shocking adverts like this one, cigarette smokers continue to do so, knowing full well what they are doing to their bodies. At this point, I hear the smokers cry out in defense, pointing out that one car trip would probably give out more bad fumes than a years worth of smoking, or that a cigarette too many never made people angry and violent like alcohol does. But do smokers not drink and drive, too? (Hopefully not at the same time).

Many smokers will also gladly point out that although smoking shortens your life and can cause cancer, some recent studies have actually shown that smoking can be good for you. Other smokers couldn't care less and are quite happy to smoke away. For example, a member of my family lost a lung quite a few years ago due to smoking. But this didn't stop him, and he carried on. Now, he has cancer and it's spreading, fast. Still, he refuses to give up his beloved cigarettes. He says, "well, if
I'm going to die, I might as well die doing something that I like." Which, I suppose, is a good point.

I wont judge people for smoking, but it's just not my thing.

Oh, and this is for all the men:

Being Bad - Week 12

Suggestions for Being Bad session in week 12:

Field trip:

• Visit to a bar or club, where many of the bad behaviours discussed take place and can be observed- drinking, smoking, lying, drugs..
• A prison! - Where the REALLY bad people go.
• Cinema, to watch a suitably bad current film.

Class topics:

• Discussion on the bad things we do or have done and why.
• A discussion on who we think is the baddest person we know, be it friend or celebrity.